ESAT ESAT Biology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the function of mitochondria in a cell as tested in ESAT Biology?
- Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production (Correct answer)
- Site of protein synthesis
- Site of photosynthesis
- Controls cell division
Correct answer: Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, producing the majority of a cell's ATP.
Question 2: Which molecule carries genetic information in most organisms?
- DNA (Correct answer)
- RNA
- ATP
- Protein
Correct answer: DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores genetic information in the sequence of its nucleotide bases.
Question 3: What is the process by which plants make glucose using light energy?
- Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- Respiration
- Transpiration
- Osmosis
Correct answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis converts light energy, CO₂, and water into glucose and oxygen in chloroplasts.
Question 4: What does the ESAT Biology section typically assess?
- Cell biology, genetics, and physiology (Correct answer)
- Human geography
- Clinical medicine
- Pharmacology only
Correct answer: Cell biology, genetics, and physiology
The ESAT Biology component covers cell biology, genetics, physiology, ecology, and evolution.
Question 5: What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
- They act as biological catalysts, lowering activation energy (Correct answer)
- They provide energy for reactions
- They are consumed during reactions
- They change the overall free energy of the reaction
Correct answer: They act as biological catalysts, lowering activation energy
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy without being consumed.
Question 6: In Mendelian genetics, if both parents are Aa, what proportion of offspring will be homozygous recessive (aa)?
- 1/4 (Correct answer)
- 1/2
- 3/4
- 0
Correct answer: 1/4
A Punnett square for Aa × Aa gives AA:Aa:aa = 1:2:1, so 1/4 are homozygous recessive.
ESAT ESAT Biology 1
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell as tested in ESAT Biology?