EPPP Growth and Lifespan Development 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system refers to the indirect influences of settings the child never directly experiences, such as a parent's workplace policies?
- Mesosystem
- Exosystem (Correct answer)
- Macrosystem
- Chronosystem
Correct answer: Exosystem
The exosystem includes external settings that indirectly affect the child, like a parent's workplace whose policies influence how much time parents spend at home.
Question 2: Which of the following best describes the concept of 'scaffolding' in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?
- Allowing children to learn independently without adult interference
- Providing temporary, adjustable support tailored to a child's current level within the ZPD (Correct answer)
- Structuring the environment to promote self-discovery
- Reinforcing correct behaviors with tangible rewards
Correct answer: Providing temporary, adjustable support tailored to a child's current level within the ZPD
Scaffolding involves providing support calibrated to the learner's current capability within the Zone of Proximal Development and gradually withdrawing it as competence grows.
Question 3: A 15-month-old becomes distressed when the caregiver leaves but is easily comforted upon return and quickly resumes play. This pattern is characteristic of which attachment style?
- Anxious-ambivalent
- Avoidant
- Secure (Correct answer)
- Disorganized
Correct answer: Secure
Secure attachment is characterized by using the caregiver as a safe base, moderate protest at separation, and easy comfort and reunion upon return.
Question 4: Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development is best illustrated by which reasoning?
- 'I should not steal because I will be punished.'
- 'I should not steal because laws exist to protect society.' (Correct answer)
- 'I should not steal because it is universally wrong.'
- 'I should not steal if I can avoid getting caught.'
Correct answer: 'I should not steal because laws exist to protect society.'
Conventional morality centers on upholding social rules, laws, and maintaining social order, as exemplified by following laws because society depends on them.
Question 5: Which theoretical perspective holds that cognitive development occurs through the interaction of biological maturation and environmental experience, with children actively constructing knowledge?
- Behaviorism
- Information processing theory
- Piaget's constructivism (Correct answer)
- Evolutionary developmental psychology
Correct answer: Piaget's constructivism
Piaget's constructivist theory posits that children actively build knowledge through assimilation and accommodation driven by maturation and experience.
Question 6: In Erikson's psychosocial theory, the crisis of 'Generativity vs. Stagnation' is primarily associated with which life stage?
- Late adolescence
- Early adulthood
- Middle adulthood (Correct answer)
- Late adulthood
Correct answer: Middle adulthood
Generativity vs. Stagnation occurs in middle adulthood and involves contributing to society and guiding the next generation versus becoming self-absorbed.
Question 7: Which phenomenon describes the finding that successive generations score higher on standardized intelligence tests, requiring renorming of tests approximately every decade?
- Cohort effect
- The Flynn Effect (Correct answer)
- Heritability increase
- Crystallized intelligence gain
Correct answer: The Flynn Effect
The Flynn Effect refers to the secular rise in IQ scores across generations, attributed to factors such as improved nutrition, education, and environmental complexity.
EPPP Growth and Lifespan Development 2
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system refers to the indirect influences of settings the child never directly experiences, such as a parent's workplace policies?