EMS EMS Pediatric & Neonatal Emergencies 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer CPR on an infant?
- 15:2
- 30:2 (Correct answer)
- 5:1
- 3:1
Correct answer: 30:2
Single-rescuer infant CPR uses a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio, consistent with adult single-rescuer guidelines.
Question 2: Which landmark is used to locate the correct hand position for infant chest compressions?
- Center of the chest, just above the xiphoid process
- Two finger-widths below the nipple line
- Upper half of the sternum
- Lower third of the sternum (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Lower third of the sternum
For infant CPR, compressions are performed on the lower third of the sternum, just below the nipple line.
Question 3: A neonate is born limp and apneic with a heart rate of 40 bpm. What is the FIRST intervention?
- Start chest compressions
- Administer epinephrine
- Provide positive pressure ventilation (Correct answer)
- Suction the airway
Correct answer: Provide positive pressure ventilation
Positive pressure ventilation is the first and most critical intervention for a neonate with bradycardia and apnea.
Question 4: At what heart rate should chest compressions begin in a neonate despite adequate ventilation?
- Less than 100 bpm
- Less than 80 bpm
- Less than 60 bpm (Correct answer)
- Less than 40 bpm
Correct answer: Less than 60 bpm
Neonatal chest compressions are initiated when the heart rate remains below 60 bpm despite 30 seconds of adequate positive pressure ventilation.
Question 5: Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress specific to infants?
- Bradypnea
- Nasal flaring (Correct answer)
- Slow capillary refill
- Hypertension
Correct answer: Nasal flaring
Nasal flaring is a classic sign of increased respiratory effort and distress in infants.
Question 6: What is the preferred route for vascular access when IV access cannot be rapidly established in a critically ill child?
- Central venous access
- Intraosseous (IO) access (Correct answer)
- Subcutaneous injection
- Rectal administration
Correct answer: Intraosseous (IO) access
Intraosseous (IO) access is the preferred alternative when IV access fails in critically ill pediatric patients.
EMS EMS Pediatric & Neonatal Emergencies 1
What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer CPR on an infant?