CSP Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What does HAZOP stand for, and in what setting is it most commonly applied?
- Hazard Operations Protocol — applied in emergency response planning
- Hazard and Operability Study — applied in process industries to identify deviations from design intent (Correct answer)
- Hazardous Occupancy Program — applied in building fire code compliance reviews
- Hazard Assessment and Occupancy Planning — applied in construction site layout
Correct answer: Hazard and Operability Study — applied in process industries to identify deviations from design intent
HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) is a structured technique used in process industries to identify hazards and operability problems caused by deviations from design intent using guidewords.
Question 2: In a Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), what does an AND gate represent?
- The top event will occur if ANY one of the input events occurs
- The top event will occur only if ALL input events occur simultaneously (Correct answer)
- Input events are mutually exclusive and cannot occur at the same time
- The analysis must consider events AND their administrative controls together
Correct answer: The top event will occur only if ALL input events occur simultaneously
An AND gate in FTA means all input events must occur simultaneously for the output event to occur, indicating a more reliable system than an OR gate configuration.
Question 3: What is 'residual risk' in the context of risk management?
- The risk that remains after all feasible controls have been implemented (Correct answer)
- The initial risk level before any controls are applied to a hazard
- Risk associated specifically with chemical residues in the workplace environment
- The portion of risk transferred to an insurance company through a policy
Correct answer: The risk that remains after all feasible controls have been implemented
Residual risk is the level of risk remaining after all practicable controls have been applied — it is the risk that must ultimately be accepted or further reduced through additional measures.
Question 4: What does the ALARP principle stand for, and how is it applied in risk management?
- All Limits Are Regulatory Parameters — used to set OSHA permissible exposure limits
- As Low As Reasonably Practicable — risks should be reduced until further reduction is grossly disproportionate to the benefit (Correct answer)
- Approved Limits for Acceptable Risk Parameters — defines maximum allowable injury rates
- Administrative Levels of Acceptable Risk Procedures — OSHA enforcement guideline
Correct answer: As Low As Reasonably Practicable — risks should be reduced until further reduction is grossly disproportionate to the benefit
ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) requires that risks be reduced until the cost of further reduction is grossly disproportionate to the additional safety benefit gained.
Question 5: Which qualitative risk assessment technique uses a visual diagram showing causes on one side and consequences on the other side of a 'tie'?
- Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram
- Bow-Tie Diagram (Correct answer)
- Pareto Chart
- Scatter Plot Analysis
Correct answer: Bow-Tie Diagram
A Bow-Tie Diagram combines fault tree analysis (causes on the left) with event tree analysis (consequences on the right) around a central hazardous event, resembling a bow tie.
Question 6: In Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), which regulation requires PHAs to be conducted for processes involving highly hazardous chemicals above threshold quantities?
- OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 — The Control of Hazardous Energy standard
- OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 — The Process Safety Management standard (Correct answer)
- EPA 40 CFR Part 68 — The Risk Management Program rule
- NFPA 654 — Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions
Correct answer: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 — The Process Safety Management standard
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 (Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals) mandates PHAs for covered processes, requiring teams to analyze potential hazards using approved methodologies.
Question 7: When calculating a Risk Priority Number (RPN) in FMEA, which three factors are multiplied together?
- Probability × Consequence × Exposure
- Severity × Occurrence × Detection (Correct answer)
- Likelihood × Impact × Vulnerability
- Frequency × Duration × Number of Workers Exposed
Correct answer: Severity × Occurrence × Detection
In FMEA, RPN = Severity (S) × Occurrence (O) × Detection (D), where each factor is rated on a scale (typically 1–10), and higher RPNs indicate higher priority for corrective action.
CSP Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 2
What does HAZOP stand for, and in what setting is it most commonly applied?