CSMLS CSMLS Urinalysis and Body Fluids 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in a healthy adult?
- 1.000–1.005
- 1.001–1.035 (Correct answer)
- 1.040–1.060
- 0.990–1.000
Correct answer: 1.001–1.035
Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.001 to 1.035, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine.
Question 2: Bilirubin in urine is detected by the reagent strip and indicates:
- Increased renal filtration of urea
- Liver disease or bile duct obstruction (Correct answer)
- Urinary tract infection
- Hemolytic anemia only
Correct answer: Liver disease or bile duct obstruction
Bilirubinuria results from elevated conjugated (direct) bilirubin in the blood, which is filtered by the kidney in liver disease or obstructive jaundice.
Question 3: The presence of nitrite on a urine dipstick suggests:
- Glomerulonephritis
- Bacterial urinary tract infection (Correct answer)
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Renal calculi
Correct answer: Bacterial urinary tract infection
Nitrite is produced when certain bacteria (e.g., Gram-negative rods) reduce dietary nitrate, indicating a likely bacterial UTI.
Question 4: Hyaline casts in urine are composed mainly of:
- White blood cells
- Tamm-Horsfall protein (Correct answer)
- Hemoglobin
- Fatty droplets
Correct answer: Tamm-Horsfall protein
Hyaline casts are formed from Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein secreted by renal tubular cells and can be present in low numbers in normal urine.
Question 5: A urine pH of 5.0 would be considered:
- Alkaline
- Neutral
- Acidic (Correct answer)
- Invalid
Correct answer: Acidic
A urine pH of 5.0 is acidic; normal urine pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.0, with values below 7.0 being acidic.
Question 6: Oval fat bodies seen in urine microscopy are associated with:
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Nephrotic syndrome (Correct answer)
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infection
Correct answer: Nephrotic syndrome
Oval fat bodies are renal tubular cells or macrophages containing absorbed lipids and are characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.
CSMLS CSMLS Urinalysis and Body Fluids 1
What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in a healthy adult?