CPHQ Trivia 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which IHI model uses iterative small-scale tests to drive improvement cycles?
- Six Sigma DMAIC
- Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) (Correct answer)
- Value Stream Mapping
- Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
Correct answer: Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA)
The PDSA cycle is IHI's iterative model for testing changes on a small scale before spreading successful improvements.
Question 2: What is the primary purpose of a 'cause-and-effect diagram' (fishbone diagram) in quality improvement?
- Display trend data over time to identify process variation
- Identify and categorize potential causes of a problem (Correct answer)
- Prioritize improvement opportunities by frequency and impact
- Map the sequence of steps in a clinical workflow
Correct answer: Identify and categorize potential causes of a problem
The fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram organizes potential causes of a problem into categories for systematic analysis.
Question 3: In peer review processes, 'blinded review' means that:
- Reviewers examine cases without knowing patient outcomes
- Reviewers do not know the identity of the practitioner being reviewed (Correct answer)
- Clinical data is encrypted before being shared with reviewers
- The review committee meets without administrative staff present
Correct answer: Reviewers do not know the identity of the practitioner being reviewed
Blinded peer review conceals the practitioner's identity from reviewers to reduce bias in performance evaluation.
Question 4: Which term describes care that is tailored to individual patient needs, values, and preferences?
- Evidence-based care
- Patient-centered care (Correct answer)
- Standardized protocol care
- Population health management
Correct answer: Patient-centered care
Patient-centered care respects and responds to individual patient preferences, needs, and values in all clinical decisions.
Question 5: The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) are published annually by which organization?
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
- The Joint Commission (TJC) (Correct answer)
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
Correct answer: The Joint Commission (TJC)
The Joint Commission publishes and updates the NPSGs annually to address the most critical patient safety challenges.
Question 6: In statistical terms, a 'common cause variation' in a healthcare process indicates:
- An unusual event caused by a specific identifiable factor
- Normal, predictable variation inherent to the process (Correct answer)
- Variation triggered by a staff member's error or equipment failure
- Seasonal variation requiring temporary process adjustments
Correct answer: Normal, predictable variation inherent to the process
Common cause variation is random variation that is always present in a stable process and requires systemic redesign to reduce.
Question 7: Which quality concept refers to designing systems so that errors are impossible or immediately obvious?
- Redundancy engineering
- Poka-yoke (error proofing) (Correct answer)
- Fault tree analysis
- Risk stratification
Correct answer: Poka-yoke (error proofing)
Poka-yoke, from Lean methodology, refers to mechanisms that prevent errors from occurring or make them immediately detectable.
CPHQ Trivia 5
Which IHI model uses iterative small-scale tests to drive improvement cycles?