CPHA CPHA Health Informatics & Data Analytics 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which federal law established national standards for the electronic exchange of health information and the privacy and security of patient data?
- HITECH Act
- ACA
- HIPAA (Correct answer)
- MACRA
Correct answer: HIPAA
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) established national standards for electronic health data exchange and created Privacy and Security Rules for protected health information.
Question 2: In public health surveillance, which system collects data from hospitals, clinics, and laboratories to monitor notifiable disease trends nationwide?
- BRFSS
- NHANES
- NNDSS (Correct answer)
- YRBSS
Correct answer: NNDSS
The National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) collects and analyzes data on notifiable conditions from health departments across all US states and territories.
Question 3: A public health data analyst wants to measure disease burden in a population by combining mortality and morbidity into a single metric. Which measure is most appropriate?
- Crude mortality rate
- Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) (Correct answer)
- Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
- Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)
Correct answer: Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) combine years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with disability into a single comprehensive disease burden metric.
Question 4: Which data visualization principle states that chart elements should have a clear purpose and unnecessary decorative elements should be removed?
- Data-Ink Ratio (Correct answer)
- Chart Junk Principle
- Visual Hierarchy
- Gestalt Principle
Correct answer: Data-Ink Ratio
Edward Tufte's Data-Ink Ratio principle holds that every ink mark on a chart should represent data, and non-data ink (decorative elements) should be minimized.
Question 5: Which statistical method is most appropriate when a public health researcher wants to control for multiple confounding variables while examining the relationship between an exposure and a binary outcome?
- Simple linear regression
- Multiple logistic regression (Correct answer)
- ANOVA
- Chi-square test
Correct answer: Multiple logistic regression
Multiple logistic regression is used to assess the relationship between an exposure and a binary (yes/no) outcome while simultaneously controlling for multiple confounders.
Question 6: What does the term 'sensitivity' refer to in the context of public health screening tests?
- The ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negatives)
- The ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positives) (Correct answer)
- The proportion of positive tests that are true positives
- The proportion of negative tests that are true negatives
Correct answer: The ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positives)
Sensitivity measures a test's ability to correctly identify individuals who truly have the disease — it is the true positive rate.
CPHA CPHA Health Informatics & Data Analytics 1
Which federal law established national standards for the electronic exchange of health information and the privacy and security of patient data?