COT Optometry 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which term describes the condition where the eye's refractive power is too strong relative to its axial length, causing light to focus in front of the retina?
- Hyperopia
- Myopia (Correct answer)
- Astigmatism
- Presbyopia
Correct answer: Myopia
Myopia (nearsightedness) occurs when the refractive power is excessive or the eye is too long, focusing light anterior to the retina.
Question 2: A patient has a prescription of -3.00 +1.50 x 090. What is the spherical equivalent?
- -1.50 D
- -2.25 D (Correct answer)
- -3.75 D
- -4.50 D
Correct answer: -2.25 D
Spherical equivalent = sphere + (cylinder/2) = -3.00 + (1.50/2) = -3.00 + 0.75 = -2.25 D.
Question 3: Which type of astigmatism has both principal meridians myopic?
- Simple myopic astigmatism
- Compound myopic astigmatism (Correct answer)
- Mixed astigmatism
- Compound hyperopic astigmatism
Correct answer: Compound myopic astigmatism
Compound myopic astigmatism occurs when both focal lines fall anterior to the retina, making both meridians myopic.
Question 4: The near point of accommodation in a patient suddenly receding could indicate which condition?
- Myopia progression
- Early presbyopia (Correct answer)
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- Corneal edema
Correct answer: Early presbyopia
A receding near point of accommodation is a hallmark sign of presbyopia, typically beginning around age 40.
Question 5: When performing retinoscopy, the examiner observes a 'with' movement. This indicates the patient's refractive error is:
- More myopic than the working distance lens
- Neutralized
- More hyperopic than the working distance lens (Correct answer)
- Emmetropic with no correction needed
Correct answer: More hyperopic than the working distance lens
A 'with' reflex during retinoscopy indicates the patient's far point is behind the examiner, meaning more hyperopia exists than the working distance compensates for.
Question 6: Which instrument measures corneal curvature and is used to fit contact lenses?
- Tonometer
- Keratometer (Correct answer)
- Lensometer
- Pachymeter
Correct answer: Keratometer
The keratometer measures the radius of curvature of the anterior corneal surface, expressed in diopters or millimeters.
Question 7: A keratometry reading of 44.00 D @ 180 / 46.00 D @ 090 indicates:
- Against-the-rule astigmatism
- With-the-rule astigmatism (Correct answer)
- Oblique astigmatism
- No corneal astigmatism
Correct answer: With-the-rule astigmatism
With-the-rule astigmatism is present when the steeper meridian is vertical (near 090), requiring a minus cylinder axis at 180.
COT Optometry 2
Which term describes the condition where the eye's refractive power is too strong relative to its axial length, causing light to focus in front of the retina?