Cosmetology Test Scientific Concepts 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What happens to the hair cuticle when exposed to an alkaline solution?
- It contracts and closes
- It swells and opens (Correct answer)
- It dissolves completely
- It hardens and strengthens
Correct answer: It swells and opens
Alkaline solutions cause the cuticle scales to swell and lift, making the hair more porous and susceptible to damage.
Question 2: Which type of electricity flows in one direction only and is used in galvanic current treatments?
- Alternating current (AC)
- Direct current (DC) (Correct answer)
- Static electricity
- Tesla current
Correct answer: Direct current (DC)
Direct current flows in one continuous direction and is used in galvanic machines to introduce water-soluble substances into the skin.
Question 3: What is the scientific term for the outermost layer of the skin?
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
- Epidermis (Correct answer)
- Stratum spinosum
Correct answer: Epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost protective layer of the skin, composed of five sublayers including the stratum corneum.
Question 4: A client's hair has low porosity. What does this indicate about the cuticle?
- The cuticle is raised and damaged
- The cuticle is tightly closed and resists moisture (Correct answer)
- The cuticle is absent
- The cuticle is extremely porous
Correct answer: The cuticle is tightly closed and resists moisture
Low porosity hair has a tightly sealed cuticle layer that resists water and chemical absorption.
Question 5: What is the name of the protein that makes up approximately 90% of the hair shaft?
- Collagen
- Elastin
- Keratin (Correct answer)
- Melanin
Correct answer: Keratin
Keratin is the fibrous structural protein that composes the majority of hair, nails, and the outer skin layer.
Question 6: Which law of color states that all colors are created from three primary colors?
- Law of reflection
- Law of absorption
- Law of color theory (Correct answer)
- Law of refraction
Correct answer: Law of color theory
The law of color theory establishes that red, yellow, and blue are the three primary colors from which all other colors are mixed.
Question 7: What type of chemical reaction produces heat as a byproduct, such as during exothermic relaxer application?
- Endothermic reaction
- Exothermic reaction (Correct answer)
- Neutralization reaction
- Photochemical reaction
Correct answer: Exothermic reaction
An exothermic reaction releases energy in the form of heat, which is why some relaxers feel warm during processing.
Cosmetology Test Scientific Concepts 3
What happens to the hair cuticle when exposed to an alkaline solution?