Cosmetology Test Scientific Concepts 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of chemical bond is broken when hair is permanently waved?
- Hydrogen bonds
- Disulfide bonds (Correct answer)
- Salt bonds
- Peptide bonds
Correct answer: Disulfide bonds
Permanent waving breaks disulfide bonds using a reducing agent, then reforms them in a new shape with a neutralizer.
Question 2: What is the pH range considered neutral on the pH scale?
- 0
- 7 (Correct answer)
- 14
- 4.5–5.5
Correct answer: 7
A pH of 7 is neutral; values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are alkaline.
Question 3: Which layer of the hair is responsible for its strength and elasticity?
- Cuticle
- Cortex (Correct answer)
- Medulla
- Epicuticle
Correct answer: Cortex
The cortex contains the fibrous proteins and disulfide bonds that give hair its strength and elasticity.
Question 4: What type of reaction occurs when an oxidizing agent is applied to hair during color processing?
- Reduction
- Oxidation (Correct answer)
- Neutralization
- Hydrolysis
Correct answer: Oxidation
Oxidation involves the loss of electrons or addition of oxygen, which activates hair color developers and neutralizers.
Question 5: Sebum is produced by which gland in the skin?
- Sudoriferous gland
- Apocrine gland
- Sebaceous gland (Correct answer)
- Eccrine gland
Correct answer: Sebaceous gland
Sebaceous glands produce sebum, the natural oil that lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair.
Question 6: What is the term for the process by which cells divide and reproduce?
- Osmosis
- Mitosis (Correct answer)
- Metabolism
- Diffusion
Correct answer: Mitosis
Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
Question 7: Which element is the primary component of all organic chemical compounds found in cosmetics?
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Carbon (Correct answer)
- Hydrogen
Correct answer: Carbon
Carbon is the backbone element of all organic compounds, including the proteins, oils, and polymers used in cosmetology products.
Cosmetology Test Scientific Concepts 2
Which type of chemical bond is broken when hair is permanently waved?