Cosmetology Test Anatomy and Physiology 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The dermis is divided into two layers. Which layer directly contacts the epidermis?
- Reticular layer
- Papillary layer (Correct answer)
- Subcutaneous layer
- Hypodermis
Correct answer: Papillary layer
The papillary layer is the thin, superficial portion of the dermis that interdigitates with the epidermis via dermal papillae.
Question 2: Which term describes the outermost layer of the hair shaft?
- Cortex
- Medulla
- Cuticle (Correct answer)
- Papilla
Correct answer: Cuticle
The hair cuticle consists of overlapping scale-like cells that protect the inner cortex and medulla.
Question 3: The buccinator muscle is located in the cheek and is primarily responsible for:
- Raising the upper lip
- Compressing the cheeks against the teeth during chewing and whistling (Correct answer)
- Closing the jaw
- Elevating the corner of the mouth
Correct answer: Compressing the cheeks against the teeth during chewing and whistling
The buccinator compresses the cheek wall, keeping food between the teeth during chewing and aiding in whistling and blowing.
Question 4: Nail matrix cells undergo which process to produce new nail plate cells?
- Meiosis
- Apoptosis
- Mitosis (Correct answer)
- Osmosis
Correct answer: Mitosis
The nail matrix cells divide by mitosis, pushing older cells forward where they flatten and keratinize to form the nail plate.
Question 5: Which cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the face?
- Facial nerve (VII)
- Trigeminal nerve (V) (Correct answer)
- Accessory nerve (XI)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Correct answer: Trigeminal nerve (V)
The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) has three branches that carry sensory information from most of the face.
Question 6: The catagen phase of the hair cycle is characterized by:
- Rapid hair elongation and matrix cell division
- Hair shedding from the follicle
- Transition and regression where hair growth ceases (Correct answer)
- Follicle dormancy with no cellular activity
Correct answer: Transition and regression where hair growth ceases
Catagen is a brief transitional phase lasting about 2–3 weeks during which the follicle shrinks and hair growth stops.
Question 7: Which structure anchors the nail plate to the underlying nail bed at the free edge end?
- Lunula
- Eponychium
- Hyponychium (Correct answer)
- Matrix
Correct answer: Hyponychium
The hyponychium is the thickened skin under the free edge of the nail plate that forms a seal preventing pathogens from entering.
Cosmetology Test Anatomy and Physiology 5
The dermis is divided into two layers.
Which layer directly contacts the epidermis?