Cosmetology Test Anatomy and Physiology 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which structure in the hair follicle is responsible for hair pigmentation?
- Papilla
- Arrector pili
- Melanocytes in the bulb matrix (Correct answer)
- Inner root sheath
Correct answer: Melanocytes in the bulb matrix
Melanocytes located in the hair bulb matrix inject melanin into developing hair cortex cells, determining hair color.
Question 2: Eccrine sweat glands are distributed over most of the body and primarily function to:
- Produce sebum for lubrication
- Regulate body temperature through evaporative cooling (Correct answer)
- Secrete pheromones
- Moisturize the stratum corneum
Correct answer: Regulate body temperature through evaporative cooling
Eccrine glands secrete a watery sweat that evaporates to dissipate body heat, helping maintain core temperature.
Question 3: The occipital bone of the skull forms which part of the head?
- Forehead
- Temples
- Back and base of the skull (Correct answer)
- Cheekbones
Correct answer: Back and base of the skull
The occipital bone forms the posterior and inferior portion of the cranium, including the foramen magnum.
Question 4: Which phase of the hair growth cycle involves active cell division and hair elongation?
- Catagen
- Telogen
- Anagen (Correct answer)
- Exogen
Correct answer: Anagen
The anagen phase is the active growth phase during which hair matrix cells divide rapidly and hair grows in length.
Question 5: The frontalis muscle primarily causes:
- Lateral movement of the scalp
- Elevation of the eyebrows and wrinkling of the forehead (Correct answer)
- Depression of the lower lip
- Compression of the nasal passages
Correct answer: Elevation of the eyebrows and wrinkling of the forehead
The frontalis elevates the eyebrows and creates horizontal forehead wrinkles when contracted.
Question 6: What is the term for the protein that makes up the bulk of the hair shaft?
- Collagen
- Elastin
- Keratin (Correct answer)
- Melanin
Correct answer: Keratin
Hair is composed primarily of hard keratin, a fibrous structural protein also found in nails and the outer layer of skin.
Question 7: The zygomaticus major muscle is responsible for:
- Closing the eyelids
- Pulling the corners of the mouth upward and outward (smiling) (Correct answer)
- Depressing the mandible
- Flaring the nostrils
Correct answer: Pulling the corners of the mouth upward and outward (smiling)
The zygomaticus major draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and laterally, producing a smile.
Cosmetology Test Anatomy and Physiology 4
Which structure in the hair follicle is responsible for hair pigmentation?