Cosmetology Test Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and internal organs?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle (Correct answer)
- Striated muscle
Correct answer: Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs.
Question 2: The axon of a neuron is responsible for:
- Receiving nerve impulses
- Transmitting impulses away from the cell body (Correct answer)
- Producing myelin sheath only
- Absorbing nutrients for the neuron
Correct answer: Transmitting impulses away from the cell body
Axons carry nerve impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or effector organs.
Question 3: Which layer of the skin contains collagen and elastin fibers that give skin its strength and elasticity?
- Epidermis
- Hypodermis
- Dermis (Correct answer)
- Stratum corneum
Correct answer: Dermis
The dermis contains a dense network of collagen and elastin fibers responsible for skin's structural integrity.
Question 4: The process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells is called:
- Meiosis
- Mitosis (Correct answer)
- Osmosis
- Cytokinesis only
Correct answer: Mitosis
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells used for growth and tissue repair.
Question 5: Which cranial nerve controls most of the facial muscles used in expression?
- Trigeminal nerve (V)
- Facial nerve (VII) (Correct answer)
- Vagus nerve (X)
- Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Correct answer: Facial nerve (VII)
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) innervates the muscles of facial expression.
Question 6: Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which primarily functions to:
- Regulate body temperature through sweating
- Lubricate the skin and hair shaft (Correct answer)
- Produce melanin for UV protection
- Deliver nutrients to hair follicles
Correct answer: Lubricate the skin and hair shaft
Sebum is an oily substance that coats the skin and hair, reducing moisture loss and providing some antimicrobial protection.
Question 7: The arrector pili muscle is attached to the hair follicle and causes:
- Hair growth acceleration
- Goosebumps when contracted (Correct answer)
- Sebum secretion
- Melanin production
Correct answer: Goosebumps when contracted
When the arrector pili contracts (usually due to cold or fear), it pulls the hair upright, creating goosebumps.
Cosmetology Test Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and internal organs?