Cosmetology and Beauty Cosmetology and Beauty Chemical Treatments & Formulations 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the primary active ingredient in most permanent hair color formulas?
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Sodium hydroxide
- Ammonium thioglycolate
- Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD)
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is the primary oxidative dye used in permanent hair color to produce long-lasting color results.
Question 2: Which chemical process raises the hair cuticle to allow color molecules to enter the cortex?
- Neutralization
- Oxidation with alkaline developer (Correct answer)
- Reduction with ammonium thioglycolate
- Chelation
Correct answer: Oxidation with alkaline developer
An alkaline developer swells and raises the cuticle scales, allowing color molecules to penetrate into the cortex.
Question 3: What volume of hydrogen peroxide developer is typically used for a standard single-process permanent color application?
- 10 volume (3%)
- 20 volume (6%) (Correct answer)
- 30 volume (9%)
- 40 volume (12%)
Correct answer: 20 volume (6%)
20 volume (6%) developer is the standard choice for full gray coverage and natural-level deposits in permanent color.
Question 4: During a chemical relaxer service using sodium hydroxide (lye), what step is critical to stop the chemical action?
- Applying a filler
- Neutralizing with a normalizing shampoo (Correct answer)
- Rinsing with cold water only
- Applying a pre-softener
Correct answer: Neutralizing with a normalizing shampoo
A neutralizing or normalizing shampoo restores the hair's pH and stops the chemical relaxing process after rinsing.
Question 5: What does the 'processing time' in a permanent wave service primarily depend on?
- The client's scalp sensitivity
- Hair porosity, texture, and the strength of the waving solution (Correct answer)
- The size of the perm rods used
- The length of the hair
Correct answer: Hair porosity, texture, and the strength of the waving solution
Processing time for a perm is chiefly governed by the hair's porosity, its texture (coarse vs. fine), and the waving lotion's pH and strength.
Question 6: Which ingredient in a no-lye relaxer replaces sodium hydroxide as the active straightening agent?
- Ammonium thioglycolate
- Guanidine hydroxide (Correct answer)
- Sodium lauryl sulfate
- Potassium bromate
Correct answer: Guanidine hydroxide
No-lye relaxers use guanidine hydroxide, formed by combining guanidine carbonate with calcium hydroxide activator, to straighten hair.
Cosmetology and Beauty Cosmetology and Beauty Chemical Treatments & Formulations 1
What is the primary active ingredient in most permanent hair color formulas?