CMA Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle (Correct answer)
- Left atrium
- Right atrium
Correct answer: Left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the aorta for systemic circulation.
Question 2: What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?
- Produce erythropoietin
- Filter blood and form urine (Correct answer)
- Store urine before excretion
- Regulate blood pressure via baroreceptors
Correct answer: Filter blood and form urine
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, filtering blood and reabsorbing nutrients to produce urine.
Question 3: The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which part of the heart?
- Left ventricle wall
- Interventricular septum
- Right atrium (Correct answer)
- Atrioventricular junction
Correct answer: Right atrium
The SA node, the heart's natural pacemaker, is located in the upper wall of the right atrium.
Question 4: Which bone is also known as the kneecap?
- Fibula
- Tibia
- Patella (Correct answer)
- Talus
Correct answer: Patella
The patella is a sesamoid bone that sits in front of the knee joint and protects the joint.
Question 5: What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and bladder?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle (Correct answer)
- Striated voluntary muscle
Correct answer: Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated, found in the walls of hollow visceral organs.
Question 6: Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys?
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Correct answer)
- Oxytocin
Correct answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH (vasopressin) acts on the renal collecting ducts to increase water reabsorption and concentrate urine.
Question 7: The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by which structure?
- Pleura
- Peritoneum
- Diaphragm (Correct answer)
- Mediastinum
Correct answer: Diaphragm
The diaphragm is the dome-shaped muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates it from the abdominal cavity.
CMA Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?