CFAT Problem Solving: Logical Reasoning 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: If all soldiers are trained and Private Chen is a soldier, what must be true?
- Private Chen has been deployed
- Private Chen is trained (Correct answer)
- Private Chen is an officer
- Private Chen will be promoted
Correct answer: Private Chen is trained
This is a valid deductive syllogism: all soldiers are trained, Private Chen is a soldier, therefore Private Chen is trained.
Question 2: If it rains, the field exercise is cancelled. The exercise was NOT cancelled. What can you conclude?
- It did not rain (Correct answer)
- It rained but the exercise continued
- The weather was overcast
- The exercise was postponed instead
Correct answer: It did not rain
This is the contrapositive: if exercise cancelled → rain, so if no cancellation → no rain.
Question 3: Every officer has completed basic training. Captain Miller has completed basic training. What can you conclude?
- Captain Miller is definitely an officer
- Basic training automatically confers officer rank
- Captain Miller may or may not be an officer (Correct answer)
- Captain Miller has also completed advanced training
Correct answer: Captain Miller may or may not be an officer
Completing basic training is a necessary condition for being an officer, not a sufficient one — non-officers can also complete it.
Question 4: Some medics are also pilots. All pilots have completed flight training. What must be true?
- All medics have completed flight training
- Some medics have completed flight training (Correct answer)
- No medics have flight training
- All people with flight training are medics
Correct answer: Some medics have completed flight training
The medics who are also pilots must have flight training, so at least some medics have it.
Question 5: No vehicles in the convoy are older than 5 years. The LAV in the convoy is 3 years old. What can you conclude?
- All LAVs everywhere are newer than 5 years
- The LAV does not belong in the convoy
- The LAV satisfies the convoy's age requirement (Correct answer)
- All vehicles in the convoy are exactly 3 years old
Correct answer: The LAV satisfies the convoy's age requirement
A 3-year-old LAV is within the convoy's maximum age of 5 years, so it meets the rule.
Question 6: A recruit advances to the next phase only if they pass BOTH the fitness test AND the written exam. Recruit Torres failed the written exam. What can you conclude?
- Recruit Torres also failed the fitness test
- Recruit Torres will not advance to the next phase (Correct answer)
- Recruit Torres passed the fitness test
- Recruit Torres needs to retake only the fitness test
Correct answer: Recruit Torres will not advance to the next phase
Both conditions are required; failing either one means Torres cannot advance.
Question 7: All members of Unit A are assigned to the northern sector. No members assigned to the northern sector have leave this week. What must be true?
- Some members of Unit A have leave this week
- No members of Unit A have leave this week (Correct answer)
- Some northern sector members are not in Unit A
- Unit A members never receive leave
Correct answer: No members of Unit A have leave this week
Unit A ⊆ northern sector, and northern sector ∩ leave = empty, so Unit A ∩ leave = empty.
CFAT Problem Solving: Logical Reasoning 2
If all soldiers are trained and Private Chen is a soldier, what must be true?