CET Anatomy, Physiology & Medical Terminology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which anatomical structure serves as the junction between the esophagus and the stomach?
- Pylorus
- Cardia (Correct answer)
- Fundus
- Ileocecal valve
Correct answer: Cardia
The cardia is the region where the esophagus connects to the stomach at the gastroesophageal junction.
Question 2: What is the medical term for difficulty swallowing?
- Dysphasia
- Dysphagia (Correct answer)
- Dyspepsia
- Dysphonia
Correct answer: Dysphagia
Dysphagia specifically refers to difficulty swallowing, derived from Greek 'dys' (difficulty) and 'phagein' (to eat).
Question 3: The ampulla of Vater is located in which part of the gastrointestinal tract?
- Stomach antrum
- Ascending colon
- Second portion of the duodenum (Correct answer)
- Terminal ileum
Correct answer: Second portion of the duodenum
The ampulla of Vater (major duodenal papilla) is located in the second (descending) portion of the duodenum where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain.
Question 4: What does the prefix 'hepato-' refer to in medical terminology?
- Kidney
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Liver (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Liver
The prefix 'hepato-' derives from the Greek 'hepar' meaning liver, as seen in terms like hepatitis and hepatomegaly.
Question 5: Which layer of the gastrointestinal wall contains blood vessels and nerves called the submucosal (Meissner's) plexus?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa (Correct answer)
- Muscularis propria
- Serosa
Correct answer: Submucosa
Meissner's plexus resides in the submucosa and regulates secretion and local blood flow in the GI tract.
Question 6: The term 'cholecystitis' refers to inflammation of which structure?
- Common bile duct
- Liver parenchyma
- Gallbladder (Correct answer)
- Pancreatic duct
Correct answer: Gallbladder
Cholecystitis means inflammation of the gallbladder; 'chole' means bile and 'cystis' means bladder or sac.
Question 7: Which segment of the large intestine is most commonly affected by volvulus in adults?
- Cecum and sigmoid colon (Correct answer)
- Transverse colon
- Ascending colon
- Descending colon
Correct answer: Cecum and sigmoid colon
Sigmoid volvulus is the most common type overall, while cecal volvulus is the second most common adult colonic volvulus.
CET Anatomy, Physiology & Medical Terminology 2
Which anatomical structure serves as the junction between the esophagus and the stomach?