CCP Child Growth & Development 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A 3-year-old frequently engages in parallel play, sitting beside other children but playing independently. This behavior is BEST described as:
- Solitary play
- Parallel play (Correct answer)
- Cooperative play
- Associative play
Correct answer: Parallel play
Parallel play, common in toddlers and preschoolers, involves children playing near each other without direct interaction or shared goals.
Question 2: Which theorist introduced the concept of the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD)?
- Jean Piaget
- Erik Erikson
- Lev Vygotsky (Correct answer)
- B.F. Skinner
Correct answer: Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky defined the ZPD as the gap between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guided support.
Question 3: A 6-month-old infant reaches for objects and transfers them between hands. This skill demonstrates development in which domain?
- Language development
- Fine motor development (Correct answer)
- Gross motor development
- Social-emotional development
Correct answer: Fine motor development
Reaching and transferring objects between hands is a fine motor milestone typically achieved around 6–7 months of age.
Question 4: According to Erikson, a child aged 3–5 who successfully resolves their psychosocial crisis develops a sense of:
- Autonomy
- Industry
- Initiative (Correct answer)
- Identity
Correct answer: Initiative
Erikson's third stage, Initiative vs. Guilt (ages 3–5), results in a sense of initiative when children are encouraged to explore and plan activities.
Question 5: Temperament refers to:
- A child's learned behavioral patterns from caregivers
- Inborn, stable individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation (Correct answer)
- The stage of moral development a child has reached
- A child's preferred style of play
Correct answer: Inborn, stable individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation
Temperament is a biologically based set of behavioral and emotional tendencies that appear early in life and remain relatively consistent.
Question 6: A 2-year-old says 'goed' instead of 'went.' This error is an example of:
- Language delay
- Overregularization (Correct answer)
- Echolalia
- Code-switching
Correct answer: Overregularization
Overregularization occurs when children apply grammatical rules too broadly, such as adding '-ed' to irregular verbs like 'go.'
Question 7: Which milestone would MOST concern a caregiver if absent in a typically developing 12-month-old?
- Running independently
- Speaking in two-word phrases
- Pointing to objects of interest (Correct answer)
- Drawing recognizable shapes
Correct answer: Pointing to objects of interest
Pointing to share interest (proto-declarative pointing) is a key social-communication milestone expected by 12 months; its absence may signal developmental concerns.
CCP Child Growth & Development 2
A 3-year-old frequently engages in parallel play, sitting beside other children but playing independently.
This behavior is BEST described as: