CCP Child Development Theories 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system represents the immediate environment a child directly interacts with, such as family and school?
- Macrosystem
- Mesosystem
- Microsystem (Correct answer)
- Exosystem
Correct answer: Microsystem
The microsystem is the innermost layer of Bronfenbrenner's model and includes settings where the child has direct, face-to-face interactions.
Question 2: Lev Vygotsky's concept of 'scaffolding' refers to which instructional strategy?
- Allowing children to explore without any guidance
- Providing temporary support to help a child accomplish tasks beyond their current ability (Correct answer)
- Testing children to determine their developmental stage
- Rewarding children for correct answers with tangible prizes
Correct answer: Providing temporary support to help a child accomplish tasks beyond their current ability
Scaffolding involves an adult or more skilled peer providing support that is gradually removed as the child develops competence.
Question 3: Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences challenges the traditional view of intelligence by proposing that:
- IQ scores are the best predictor of academic success
- Intelligence is a single, fixed capacity measured by standardized tests
- Children possess several distinct types of intelligence, such as musical and spatial (Correct answer)
- Only linguistic and logical intelligence matter for school readiness
Correct answer: Children possess several distinct types of intelligence, such as musical and spatial
Gardner identified at least eight distinct intelligences, arguing that children can be smart in many different ways.
Question 4: In Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, which element is essential for a child to imitate a behavior they have observed?
- Classical conditioning
- Sensorimotor exploration
- Attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation (Correct answer)
- Formal operational thinking
Correct answer: Attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation
Bandura outlined four processes — attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation — that must occur for observational learning to result in imitation.
Question 5: According to Jean Piaget, a child in the preoperational stage who believes the taller glass holds more water despite equal volumes is demonstrating a lack of:
- Object permanence
- Conservation (Correct answer)
- Seriation
- Centration only
Correct answer: Conservation
Conservation is the understanding that quantity does not change when the appearance of an object changes, and it is not mastered until the concrete operational stage.
Question 6: Which theorist introduced the concept of 'attachment behavioral system' and described four attachment patterns including secure and insecure-avoidant?
- Erik Erikson
- John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (Correct answer)
- Abraham Maslow
- Sigmund Freud
Correct answer: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth
Bowlby developed attachment theory and Ainsworth's Strange Situation research identified secure, anxious-avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent attachment patterns.
Question 7: A caregiver who responds consistently and sensitively to an infant's cues is most likely fostering which attachment style?
- Disorganized attachment
- Insecure-avoidant attachment
- Secure attachment (Correct answer)
- Ambivalent attachment
Correct answer: Secure attachment
Consistent, sensitive caregiving is the primary predictor of secure attachment, according to Ainsworth's research.
CCP Child Development Theories 2
According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system represents the immediate environment a child directly interacts with, such as family and school?