CCAT - Criteria Cognitive Aptitude Syllogisms and Deductions Questions and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Assume the following two statements are true: 1. All managers attend the weekly briefing. 2. Some team leads are managers. Which of the following conclusions is logically guaranteed to be true?
- All attendees of the weekly briefing are managers.
- Some team leads attend the weekly briefing. (Correct answer)
- All team leads attend the weekly briefing.
- No team leads attend the weekly briefing.
Correct answer: Some team leads attend the weekly briefing.
Since all managers attend the weekly briefing and some team leads are managers, it logically follows that the portion of team leads who are managers must attend the briefing. Therefore, at least 'some' team leads attend.
Question 2: Consider these premises: 1. If a report is submitted after 5 PM, it is marked as late. 2. The marketing report was not marked as late. What can be logically deduced from these statements?
- The marketing report was submitted exactly at 5 PM.
- All reports are submitted on time.
- The marketing report was the only one not marked late.
- The marketing report was submitted at or before 5 PM. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: The marketing report was submitted at or before 5 PM.
This is an example of denying the consequent (modus tollens). The rule is: If A (submitted after 5 PM), then B (marked late). The second premise states 'not B' (not marked late). Therefore, we can conclude 'not A'. 'Not submitted after 5 PM' means it was submitted at 5 PM or earlier.
Question 3: Based on the following information, which statement must be true? 1. To access the server room, an employee must either have a keycard or be escorted by security. 2. John, an employee, was not escorted by security when he entered the server room.
- John has a keycard. (Correct answer)
- John works in the IT department.
- Security was not on duty.
- John should not have been in the server room.
Correct answer: John has a keycard.
This is a disjunctive syllogism. The first premise establishes two possible conditions for entry (A or B). The second premise eliminates one of those conditions (not B). Therefore, the other condition (A) must be true for the entry to have been legitimate according to the rules.
Question 4: Read the following statements: 1. All documents processed by the finance department must be stamped. 2. Only invoices and expense reports are processed by the finance department. 3. This document is an expense report. Which of the following can be logically concluded?
- This document is not an invoice.
- All stamped documents are expense reports.
- This document must be stamped. (Correct answer)
- This document may or may not be processed by the finance department.
Correct answer: This document must be stamped.
According to premise 3, the document is an expense report. According to premise 2, expense reports are processed by the finance department. According to premise 1, all documents processed by the finance department are stamped. Therefore, this document must be stamped.
Question 5: Given that the first two statements are true, which of the following statements is a certain conclusion? 1. No remote employees work in the logistics department. 2. Sarah is a remote employee.
- Sarah works in the sales department.
- Sarah does not work in the logistics department. (Correct answer)
- All logistics employees work in the office.
- Sarah has never been to the office.
Correct answer: Sarah does not work in the logistics department.
The first premise establishes a complete separation between the group of 'remote employees' and the group of 'logistics department employees'. Since Sarah belongs to the first group, she cannot possibly belong to the second.
Question 6: Assume these two premises are true: 1. Some of the presentations were created using PowerPoint. 2. All materials created using PowerPoint have a blue title slide. Which of the following conclusions is NOT logically guaranteed to be true?
- Some of the presentations have a blue title slide.
- At least one presentation has a blue title slide.
- Some materials with a blue title slide are presentations.
- All presentations have a blue title slide. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: All presentations have a blue title slide.
We know that 'some' presentations used PowerPoint, and all PowerPoint materials have a blue slide. This guarantees that at least one presentation has a blue slide. However, since only 'some' presentations used PowerPoint, other presentations might have been made with different software and may not have a blue title slide. Therefore, we cannot conclude that 'all' presentations have one.
CCAT - Criteria Cognitive Aptitude Syllogisms and Deductions Questions and Answers 1
Assume the following two statements are true:
1.
All managers attend the weekly briefing.
2.
Some team leads are managers.
Which of the following conclusions is logically guaranteed to be true?