CABT Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile function of the heart?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium (Correct answer)
- Endocardium
- Pericardium
Correct answer: Myocardium
The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer of the heart wall that performs contraction to pump blood.
Question 2: What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?
- Hormone secretion
- Blood filtration and urine formation (Correct answer)
- Red blood cell production
- Immune surveillance
Correct answer: Blood filtration and urine formation
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, filtering blood and forming urine through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Question 3: In the context of biomedical equipment used during surgery, which nerve plexus supplies the brachial region and is a landmark for regional anesthesia?
- Lumbar plexus
- Cervical plexus
- Brachial plexus (Correct answer)
- Sacral plexus
Correct answer: Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus (C5–T1) innervates the upper extremity and is the target for brachial plexus nerve blocks used in upper limb surgeries.
Question 4: Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the lungs?
- Facilitates gas exchange across the alveolar membrane
- Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse (Correct answer)
- Carries oxygen from alveoli to blood
- Filters particulates from inhaled air
Correct answer: Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse
Surfactant, produced by type II pneumocytes, reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing collapse during exhalation.
Question 5: A patient's ECG shows a prolonged PR interval. Which anatomical structure is most likely causing the conduction delay?
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
- Atrioventricular (AV) node (Correct answer)
- Sinoatrial (SA) node
Correct answer: Atrioventricular (AV) node
The PR interval represents the time for electrical impulses to travel from the SA node through the AV node; a prolonged PR indicates AV node delay.
Question 6: Which type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and is capable of stretching?
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Transitional epithelium (urothelium) (Correct answer)
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Correct answer: Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
Transitional epithelium (urothelium) lines the urinary bladder and ureters, uniquely able to stretch as the bladder fills.
Question 7: During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), compressions are performed on the sternum. Which anatomical landmark guides correct hand placement?
- Xiphoid process
- Lower half of the sternum (Correct answer)
- Manubrium
- Sternal angle (angle of Louis)
Correct answer: Lower half of the sternum
CPR guidelines direct compressions to the lower half of the sternum to compress the heart between the sternum and vertebral column.
CABT Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals 2
Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile function of the heart?