BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion (Correct answer)
- Lysosome
- Vacuole
Correct answer: Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion generates ATP via oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
Question 2: What process allows plant cells to convert light energy into glucose?
- Fermentation
- Glycolysis
- Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- Cellular respiration
Correct answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and converts light energy into chemical energy stored as glucose.
Question 3: Which structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
- Cell wall
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane (Correct answer)
- Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct answer: Cell membrane
The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
Question 4: During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the cell's equator?
- Prophase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Metaphase (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Metaphase
During metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (the cell's equator) before being pulled apart.
Question 5: What is the primary function of lysosomes?
- Synthesizing proteins
- Digesting cellular waste and debris (Correct answer)
- Producing energy
- Storing genetic information
Correct answer: Digesting cellular waste and debris
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances.
Question 6: Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes?
- Smooth ER
- Rough ER (Correct answer)
- Golgi ER
- Nuclear ER
Correct answer: Rough ER
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is named for its studded appearance due to attached ribosomes that synthesize proteins.
Question 7: What molecule serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?
- DNA
- RNA
- ATP (Correct answer)
- ADP
Correct answer: ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores and transfers energy within cells for various metabolic processes.
BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 2
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?