Biology Test Biology Anatomy and Physiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which part of the nephron is responsible for the selective reabsorption of most filtered glucose and amino acids?
- Loop of Henle
- Proximal convoluted tubule (Correct answer)
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
Correct answer: Proximal convoluted tubule
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of filtered water, nearly all glucose, and most amino acids via active transport.
Question 2: The hormone calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels, is secreted by which gland?
- Parathyroid gland
- Adrenal cortex
- Thyroid gland (Correct answer)
- Anterior pituitary
Correct answer: Thyroid gland
Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland and inhibits osteoclast activity to reduce blood calcium.
Question 3: Which type of cartilage forms the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage (Correct answer)
- Articular cartilage
Correct answer: Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage is the toughest cartilage type, with abundant collagen fibers that resist compression and tension in weight-bearing joints.
Question 4: During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the ventricle fill with blood?
- Ventricular systole
- Isovolumetric contraction
- Ventricular diastole (Correct answer)
- Ejection phase
Correct answer: Ventricular diastole
Ventricular diastole is the relaxation phase during which AV valves open and blood flows from the atria into the ventricles.
Question 5: Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling most of the extrinsic eye muscles?
- Optic nerve (CN II)
- Oculomotor nerve (CN III) (Correct answer)
- Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
- Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Correct answer: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
The oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates four of the six extrinsic eye muscles, as well as the levator palpebrae and pupillary constrictor.
Question 6: What is the name of the connective tissue sheath that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle?
- Endomysium
- Perimysium
- Epimysium (Correct answer)
- Fascia propria
Correct answer: Epimysium
The epimysium is the dense irregular connective tissue layer that wraps the entire muscle and merges with tendons at the muscle's ends.
Question 7: Which plasma protein is most important for maintaining blood osmotic pressure?
- Fibrinogen
- Globulin
- Albumin (Correct answer)
- Hemoglobin
Correct answer: Albumin
Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, is the primary contributor to colloid osmotic pressure, keeping fluid within blood vessels.
Biology Test Biology Anatomy and Physiology 3
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the selective reabsorption of most filtered glucose and amino acids?