Biology Test Plant Biology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
- To carry out photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- To store genetic information
- To break down waste products
- To produce proteins
Correct answer: To carry out photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.
Question 2: Which tissue in plants is responsible for transporting water from roots to leaves?
- Xylem (Correct answer)
- Phloem
- Parenchyma
- Epidermis
Correct answer: Xylem
Xylem tissue transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots upward through the plant using a combination of root pressure, capillary action, and transpiration pull.
Question 3: What is the role of stomata in plants?
- Gas exchange and water vapor release (Correct answer)
- Nutrient absorption from soil
- Structural support
- Reproduction
Correct answer: Gas exchange and water vapor release
Stomata are tiny pores on leaf surfaces that allow carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis and release oxygen and water vapor through transpiration.
Question 4: Which hormone promotes cell elongation and is involved in phototropism?
- Auxin (Correct answer)
- Cytokinin
- Ethylene
- Abscisic acid
Correct answer: Auxin
Auxin promotes cell elongation and causes phototropism by accumulating on the shaded side of the plant, making those cells elongate more and causing the plant to bend toward light.
Question 5: What is the function of root hairs?
- To increase surface area for water and mineral absorption (Correct answer)
- To anchor the plant in soil only
- To photosynthesize underground
- To store excess sugars
Correct answer: To increase surface area for water and mineral absorption
Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells that dramatically increase the surface area of roots, improving the efficiency of water and mineral absorption from the soil.
Question 6: What is alternation of generations in plants?
- A life cycle alternating between haploid and diploid stages (Correct answer)
- The seasonal change in leaf color
- Annual vs perennial growth patterns
- The cycle of pollination and seed dispersal
Correct answer: A life cycle alternating between haploid and diploid stages
Alternation of generations is a reproductive cycle where plants alternate between a multicellular haploid stage (gametophyte) and a multicellular diploid stage (sporophyte).
Biology Test Plant Biology 1
What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?