BAPSY FREE BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Cognitive Psychology Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which memory system is responsible for holding information temporarily while performing complex cognitive tasks such as reasoning or comprehension?
- Sensory memory
- Working memory (Correct answer)
- Procedural memory
- Episodic memory
Correct answer: Working memory
Working memory is the system that temporarily maintains and manipulates information during complex cognitive tasks like reasoning and language comprehension.
Question 2: What does the cocktail party effect demonstrate about selective attention?
- People cannot filter auditory information
- Unattended information is completely lost
- Personally relevant stimuli can capture attention even when unattended (Correct answer)
- Divided attention has no cognitive cost
Correct answer: Personally relevant stimuli can capture attention even when unattended
The cocktail party effect shows that personally relevant stimuli, such as hearing your own name, can break through attentional filters and capture awareness.
Question 3: In problem solving, what is functional fixedness?
- The inability to learn new functions for familiar objects
- A tendency to perceive objects only in terms of their typical use (Correct answer)
- A bias toward the first solution that comes to mind
- The tendency to fixate on problems that have no solution
Correct answer: A tendency to perceive objects only in terms of their typical use
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to seeing an object only in the way it is traditionally used, hindering creative problem solving.
Question 4: According to the levels of processing framework proposed by Craik and Lockhart, which type of encoding leads to the strongest long-term memory retention?
- Structural encoding
- Phonemic encoding
- Semantic encoding (Correct answer)
- Maintenance rehearsal
Correct answer: Semantic encoding
Semantic encoding, which involves processing the meaning of information, produces deeper and more durable memory traces than shallow structural or phonemic encoding.
Question 5: What is the primary distinction between bottom-up and top-down processing in perception?
- Bottom-up relies on prior knowledge while top-down relies on sensory data
- Bottom-up is driven by sensory input while top-down is guided by expectations and prior knowledge (Correct answer)
- Bottom-up is faster than top-down processing
- Top-down processing only occurs in visual perception
Correct answer: Bottom-up is driven by sensory input while top-down is guided by expectations and prior knowledge
Bottom-up processing starts with sensory data building up to recognition, while top-down processing uses expectations, context, and prior knowledge to interpret sensory information.
Question 6: Which heuristic involves making judgments based on how easily examples come to mind?
- Representativeness heuristic
- Anchoring heuristic
- Availability heuristic (Correct answer)
- Recognition heuristic
Correct answer: Availability heuristic
The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut where people estimate the likelihood of events based on how readily examples can be recalled from memory.
BAPSY FREE BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Cognitive Psychology Questions and Answers 2
Which memory system is responsible for holding information temporarily while performing complex cognitive tasks such as reasoning or comprehension?