BAPSY BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Psychological Research and Statistics Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A researcher finds a correlation of r = -0.85 between stress levels and sleep quality. What does this indicate?
- A strong negative relationship between stress and sleep quality (Correct answer)
- No meaningful relationship between the variables
- A weak positive relationship between stress and sleep quality
- A causal effect of stress on sleep quality
Correct answer: A strong negative relationship between stress and sleep quality
An r value of -0.85 indicates a strong negative correlation, meaning as stress increases, sleep quality tends to decrease.
Question 2: Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for a data set with extreme outliers?
- Median (Correct answer)
- Mean
- Mode
- Standard deviation
Correct answer: Median
The median is resistant to outliers because it represents the middle value and is not pulled by extreme scores.
Question 3: In a 2x3 factorial design, how many conditions are there in total?
- 6 (Correct answer)
- 5
- 8
- 3
Correct answer: 6
A 2x3 factorial design has 2 × 3 = 6 total conditions representing all combinations of both independent variables.
Question 4: What is the primary purpose of counterbalancing in a within-subjects design?
- To control for order effects (Correct answer)
- To increase the sample size
- To ensure random assignment
- To eliminate confounding variables entirely
Correct answer: To control for order effects
Counterbalancing distributes order effects evenly across conditions so that sequence does not systematically bias results.
Question 5: A Type II error occurs when a researcher:
- Fails to reject a false null hypothesis (Correct answer)
- Rejects a true null hypothesis
- Accepts the alternative hypothesis correctly
- Uses a sample that is too large
Correct answer: Fails to reject a false null hypothesis
A Type II error (false negative) happens when the researcher fails to detect a real effect and incorrectly retains the null hypothesis.
Question 6: Which sampling method gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected?
- Simple random sampling (Correct answer)
- Convenience sampling
- Snowball sampling
- Purposive sampling
Correct answer: Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling ensures each individual has an equal probability of selection, maximizing representativeness.
BAPSY BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Psychological Research and Statistics Questions and Answers 2
A researcher finds a correlation of r = -0.85 between stress levels and sleep quality.
What does this indicate?