BAPSY BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Cognitive Psychology and Processes Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which memory system is responsible for holding information temporarily while actively manipulating it?
- Sensory memory
- Long-term memory
- Working memory (Correct answer)
- Implicit memory
Correct answer: Working memory
Working memory, as described by Baddeley's model, temporarily stores and manipulates information needed for complex cognitive tasks.
Question 2: What is the cocktail party effect an example of in cognitive psychology?
- Divided attention
- Selective attention (Correct answer)
- Sustained attention
- Inattentional blindness
Correct answer: Selective attention
The cocktail party effect demonstrates selective attention, where individuals can focus on one conversation while filtering out background noise.
Question 3: According to the levels of processing framework proposed by Craik and Lockhart, which type of processing leads to the strongest memory traces?
- Structural processing
- Phonemic processing
- Shallow processing
- Semantic processing (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Semantic processing
Semantic processing, which involves analyzing meaning, produces deeper encoding and more durable memory traces than shallow processing.
Question 4: Which heuristic involves making judgments based on how easily examples come to mind?
- Representativeness heuristic
- Anchoring heuristic
- Availability heuristic (Correct answer)
- Recognition heuristic
Correct answer: Availability heuristic
The availability heuristic leads people to estimate the likelihood of events based on how readily examples are retrieved from memory.
Question 5: What phenomenon occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to remember new information?
- Retroactive interference
- Proactive interference (Correct answer)
- Decay theory
- Motivated forgetting
Correct answer: Proactive interference
Proactive interference occurs when older memories disrupt the retrieval of newer memories, such as calling a new partner by an ex's name.
Question 6: In problem solving, what term describes the tendency to fixate on using an object only in its traditional manner?
- Confirmation bias
- Mental set
- Functional fixedness (Correct answer)
- Anchoring bias
Correct answer: Functional fixedness
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to seeing an object only in the way it is traditionally used, hindering creative problem solving.
BAPSY BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Cognitive Psychology and Processes Questions and Answers 2
Which memory system is responsible for holding information temporarily while actively manipulating it?