BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Exploring Theories and Concepts 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which psychologist is best known for developing the theory of operant conditioning?
- Ivan Pavlov
- B.F. Skinner (Correct answer)
- Carl Rogers
- Wilhelm Wundt
Correct answer: B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning, which describes how behavior is shaped by its consequences, including reinforcement and punishment.
Question 2: What is the term for the process by which the unconscious mind pushes unwanted thoughts or memories out of conscious awareness?
- Projection
- Rationalization
- Repression (Correct answer)
- Displacement
Correct answer: Repression
Repression is a Freudian defense mechanism in which distressing thoughts or feelings are kept out of conscious awareness to reduce anxiety.
Question 3: Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development proposes how many stages across the lifespan?
- 4
- 6
- 8 (Correct answer)
- 10
Correct answer: 8
Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development, each characterized by a central conflict that must be resolved for healthy psychological growth.
Question 4: Which research method allows psychologists to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables?
- Case study
- Survey
- Naturalistic observation
- Experiment (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Experiment
Experiments allow researchers to manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on a dependent variable, enabling cause-and-effect conclusions.
Question 5: According to Albert Bandura's social learning theory, children learn aggressive behavior primarily through:
- Genetic inheritance
- Observational learning and modeling (Correct answer)
- Classical conditioning
- Reinforcement schedules
Correct answer: Observational learning and modeling
Bandura's Bobo doll experiments demonstrated that children learn and imitate aggressive behaviors by observing models, a process called observational learning or modeling.
Question 6: Which branch of psychology focuses on understanding how mental processes such as memory, perception, and problem-solving work?
- Behavioral psychology
- Humanistic psychology
- Cognitive psychology (Correct answer)
- Psychodynamic psychology
Correct answer: Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology studies internal mental processes, including how people perceive, think, remember, and solve problems, in contrast to behaviorism's focus on observable actions.
BAPSY - Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Exploring Theories and Concepts 1
Which psychologist is best known for developing the theory of operant conditioning?