AP AP Human Development & Quality of Life 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The Human Development Index (HDI) combines which three dimensions?
- Life expectancy, education, and income (Correct answer)
- Literacy, GDP, and birth rate
- Infant mortality, trade, and urbanization
- Fertility rate, GNI, and migration
Correct answer: Life expectancy, education, and income
The HDI measures a country's development using life expectancy, education (mean and expected years of schooling), and GNI per capita.
Question 2: Which measure best captures the gap in development between men and women within a country?
- HDI
- GDP per capita
- Gender Inequality Index (GII) (Correct answer)
- Gini coefficient
Correct answer: Gender Inequality Index (GII)
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) measures gender-based disadvantages in reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation.
Question 3: A country with high GDP per capita but low HDI most likely has:
- Strong education and healthcare systems
- Extreme inequality in wealth distribution (Correct answer)
- High levels of foreign investment
- A post-industrial economy
Correct answer: Extreme inequality in wealth distribution
High GDP but low HDI indicates that national wealth is concentrated among a few and not translated into broad improvements in health and education.
Question 4: The Gini coefficient measures:
- Average national income
- Income inequality within a country (Correct answer)
- The share of agriculture in an economy
- Population growth rate
Correct answer: Income inequality within a country
The Gini coefficient ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality), quantifying how unevenly income is distributed.
Question 5: Which of the following is a key indicator used in the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?
- GNI per capita
- Infant mortality rate (Correct answer)
- Industrial output
- Trade surplus
Correct answer: Infant mortality rate
The PQLI uses infant mortality rate, life expectancy at age one, and basic literacy as its three components.
Question 6: Core-periphery theory in human development suggests that:
- All regions develop at the same rate over time
- Wealthy core regions exploit peripheral regions for labor and resources (Correct answer)
- Peripheral regions always catch up to core regions through trade
- Development spreads evenly from cities to rural areas
Correct answer: Wealthy core regions exploit peripheral regions for labor and resources
Core-periphery theory argues that wealthy core regions maintain development advantages by drawing resources and cheap labor from less-developed peripheral regions.
AP AP Human Development & Quality of Life 1
The Human Development Index (HDI) combines which three dimensions?