AOA Ocular Disease and Pathology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which condition is characterized by painless, progressive peripheral vision loss and elevated intraocular pressure?
- Primary open-angle glaucoma (Correct answer)
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Age-related macular degeneration
Correct answer: Primary open-angle glaucoma
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) typically presents with painless, insidious peripheral visual field loss often accompanied by elevated IOP.
Question 2: A patient presents with sudden onset of a dark curtain moving across their vision. Which condition is most likely?
- Retinal detachment (Correct answer)
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Optic neuritis
Correct answer: Retinal detachment
A shadow or curtain moving across the visual field is the classic symptom of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Question 3: Which type of diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the presence of new blood vessel formation?
- Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Correct answer)
- Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- Background retinopathy
- Preproliferative retinopathy
Correct answer: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is defined by the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) on the retinal surface.
Question 4: Central geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium is a hallmark of which condition?
- Dry age-related macular degeneration (Correct answer)
- Wet age-related macular degeneration
- Central serous chorioretinopathy
- Stargardt disease
Correct answer: Dry age-related macular degeneration
Geographic atrophy of the RPE is the advanced form of dry (atrophic) AMD, leading to progressive central vision loss.
Question 5: Bitemporal hemianopia is most commonly caused by a lesion at which anatomical location?
- Optic chiasm (Correct answer)
- Optic tract
- Occipital cortex
- Lateral geniculate nucleus
Correct answer: Optic chiasm
Bitemporal hemianopia results from compression of the crossing nasal fibers at the optic chiasm, most often by a pituitary adenoma.
Question 6: Which clinical finding is most characteristic of keratoconus?
- Irregular corneal thinning and steepening (Correct answer)
- Corneal arcus with lipid deposits
- Diffuse corneal edema
- Bilateral corneal ulceration
Correct answer: Irregular corneal thinning and steepening
Keratoconus is defined by progressive stromal thinning and ectasia (forward cone-shaped bulging) of the cornea causing irregular astigmatism.
AOA Ocular Disease and Pathology 1
Which condition is characterized by painless, progressive peripheral vision loss and elevated intraocular pressure?