AGD Periodontics and Gum Health 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which cytokine is primarily responsible for bone resorption in periodontal disease?
- Interleukin-1β (Correct answer)
- Interleukin-4
- Interleukin-10
- Transforming growth factor-β
Correct answer: Interleukin-1β
IL-1β is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates osteoclast activity and drives alveolar bone resorption in periodontal disease.
Question 2: A patient presents with 5–6 mm pockets and horizontal bone loss. Which classification stage best describes this presentation?
- Stage I
- Stage II (Correct answer)
- Stage III
- Stage IV
Correct answer: Stage II
Stage II periodontitis features probing depths of 5–6 mm with horizontal bone loss up to one-third of root length.
Question 3: The junctional epithelium attaches to the tooth surface via which structure?
- Oxytalan fibers
- Sharpey's fibers
- Hemidesmosomes and basal lamina (Correct answer)
- Collagen bundles
Correct answer: Hemidesmosomes and basal lamina
Junctional epithelium attaches to enamel and cementum through hemidesmosomes combined with an internal basal lamina.
Question 4: Which organism is most associated with aggressive (Grade C) periodontitis in young patients?
- Porphyromonas gingivalis
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Correct answer)
- Treponema denticola
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
Correct answer: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) produces leukotoxin and is the primary pathogen associated with Grade C periodontitis in adolescents.
Question 5: Which type of gingival fiber group runs from the cementum coronally to the free gingiva?
- Transseptal
- Circular
- Dentogingival (Correct answer)
- Alveologingival
Correct answer: Dentogingival
Dentogingival fibers extend from the cervical cementum outward and coronally into the free and attached gingiva.
Question 6: Gingival recession classified as Cairo RT2 indicates:
- No loss of interproximal attachment
- Loss of interproximal attachment less than buccal attachment loss (Correct answer)
- Loss of interproximal attachment equal to or greater than buccal attachment loss
- Complete loss of keratinized tissue
Correct answer: Loss of interproximal attachment less than buccal attachment loss
Cairo RT2 recession has interproximal CAL loss that is less than the buccal CAL loss, distinguishing it from RT3.
Question 7: Which mucogingival procedure uses a palatal connective tissue graft placed under a split-thickness flap to increase keratinized tissue width?
- Free gingival graft
- Subepithelial connective tissue graft (Correct answer)
- Lateral pedicle flap
- Guided tissue regeneration
Correct answer: Subepithelial connective tissue graft
The subepithelial connective tissue graft (Langer technique) places harvested palatal CT under a partial-thickness recipient flap for root coverage and tissue augmentation.
AGD Periodontics and Gum Health 2
Which cytokine is primarily responsible for bone resorption in periodontal disease?