ADAT ADAT Biomedical Sciences 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows interhemispheric communication?
- Corpus callosum (Correct answer)
- Thalamus
- Cerebellum
- Medulla oblongata
Correct answer: Corpus callosum
The corpus callosum is the large band of white matter fibers linking the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
Question 2: During the citric acid cycle, which molecule is directly regenerated to allow the cycle to continue?
- Oxaloacetate (Correct answer)
- Pyruvate
- Glucose
- Lactate
Correct answer: Oxaloacetate
Oxaloacetate combines with acetyl-CoA to form citrate and is regenerated at the end of each cycle turn.
Question 3: Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs to permit efficient gas exchange?
- Simple squamous epithelium (Correct answer)
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Simple columnar epithelium
- Transitional epithelium
Correct answer: Simple squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium is thin and flat, minimizing diffusion distance for gases.
Question 4: A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII would most likely present with which condition?
- Hemophilia A (Correct answer)
- Von Willebrand disease
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
Correct answer: Hemophilia A
Factor VIII deficiency is the classic cause of hemophilia A, an X-linked bleeding disorder.
Question 5: Which hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys?
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Correct answer)
- Aldosterone
- Renin
- Atrial natriuretic peptide
Correct answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability of the collecting ducts, conserving water.
Question 6: Enzyme activity that decreases when a downstream product accumulates is an example of what regulation?
- Feedback inhibition (Correct answer)
- Competitive activation
- Substrate saturation
- Zymogen activation
Correct answer: Feedback inhibition
Feedback inhibition occurs when an end product inhibits an earlier enzyme to limit its own production.
Question 7: Which cranial nerve provides general sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
- Trigeminal (CN V, lingual branch) (Correct answer)
- Facial (CN VII)
- Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
- Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Correct answer: Trigeminal (CN V, lingual branch)
The lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve carries general (touch) sensation from the anterior tongue.
ADAT ADAT Biomedical Sciences 2
Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows interhemispheric communication?