ACBN Practice Questions 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which assessment tool uses calf circumference, BMI, weight loss, and acute disease status to screen for malnutrition risk in community-dwelling older adults?
- Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)
- Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)
- Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) (Correct answer)
- Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002)
Correct answer: Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was specifically developed and validated for screening and assessing malnutrition risk in elderly patients in community and long-term care settings.
Question 2: Refeeding syndrome is primarily caused by rapid shifts in which electrolyte following re-initiation of feeding after prolonged starvation?
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Phosphorus (Correct answer)
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Phosphorus
Refeeding syndrome is primarily characterized by severe hypophosphatemia as insulin secretion stimulated by carbohydrate intake drives phosphorus into cells for ATP synthesis.
Question 3: Which dietary fiber is most effective at reducing LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids in the intestinal lumen?
- Insoluble cellulose
- Resistant starch
- Beta-glucan (soluble fiber) (Correct answer)
- Psyllium husk (soluble fiber)
Correct answer: Beta-glucan (soluble fiber)
Beta-glucan, a viscous soluble fiber found in oats and barley, is one of the most evidence-based dietary fibers for LDL reduction through bile acid sequestration and increased cholesterol catabolism.
Question 4: Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is most directly associated with impaired glucose uptake in which tissue?
- Brain and nervous system
- Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (Correct answer)
- Red blood cells
- Kidney tubules
Correct answer: Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are the primary insulin-sensitive tissues where GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake is impaired in type 2 diabetes due to post-receptor signaling defects.
Question 5: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that protein intake during pregnancy increase by approximately how many additional grams per day above the non-pregnant RDA?
- 5-10 g/day
- 25 g/day (Correct answer)
- 40 g/day
- 50 g/day
Correct answer: 25 g/day
The RDA for protein during pregnancy increases by approximately 25 g/day above the non-pregnant recommendation to support fetal growth, placental development, and expanded maternal blood volume.
Question 6: Which gastrointestinal condition is characterized by malabsorption triggered by gluten, an immune-mediated destruction of intestinal villi?
- Crohn's disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Celiac disease (Correct answer)
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Correct answer: Celiac disease
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which gluten ingestion triggers T-cell mediated destruction of duodenal and jejunal villi, causing malabsorption of fat, fat-soluble vitamins, iron, and calcium.
Question 7: Which nutrient is involved in collagen synthesis and functions as a cofactor for prolyl hydroxylase, making it essential for wound healing?
- Zinc
- Vitamin C (Correct answer)
- Vitamin E
- Copper
Correct answer: Vitamin C
Vitamin C is required as a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases, enzymes that catalyze hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues essential for collagen triple helix stability and cross-linking.
ACBN Practice Questions 5
Which assessment tool uses calf circumference, BMI, weight loss, and acute disease status to screen for malnutrition risk in community-dwelling older adults?