ACBN Practice Questions 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A client with iron-deficiency anemia should be advised to enhance non-heme iron absorption by consuming iron-rich plant foods alongside which nutrient?
- Calcium
- Vitamin C (Correct answer)
- Zinc
- Phytic acid
Correct answer: Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) converts ferric iron (Fe³⁺) to ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) and forms a chelate that enhances absorption of non-heme iron from plant sources.
Question 2: Which condition is characterized by a triad of osteoporosis, amenorrhea, and disordered eating in female athletes?
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Female Athlete Triad (Correct answer)
- Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
Correct answer: Female Athlete Triad
The Female Athlete Triad describes the interrelated syndrome of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density seen in female athletes.
Question 3: The glycemic index (GI) of a food is determined by comparing the blood glucose response to a 50g carbohydrate portion against a reference food. What is the standard reference food used?
- Sucrose
- White bread or pure glucose (Correct answer)
- Brown rice
- Corn syrup
Correct answer: White bread or pure glucose
The GI is standardized against pure glucose (GI = 100) or white bread (GI = 100), with the glucose reference being the most internationally accepted standard.
Question 4: During critical illness, skeletal muscle breakdown accelerates to provide amino acids for what primary purpose?
- Adipose tissue synthesis
- Gluconeogenesis and acute-phase protein production (Correct answer)
- Hormone storage
- Glycogen replenishment
Correct answer: Gluconeogenesis and acute-phase protein production
In critical illness, elevated cortisol and cytokines drive muscle catabolism to supply glucogenic amino acids for gluconeogenesis and substrates for hepatic acute-phase protein synthesis.
Question 5: Which dietary pattern is associated with the Mediterranean diet's cardioprotective effects, characterized by high intake of olive oil and low intake of saturated fat?
- High ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids
- High intake of trans fatty acids
- High ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fat (Correct answer)
- Low total fat with high carbohydrate
Correct answer: High ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fat
The Mediterranean diet's cardioprotective effect is largely attributed to its high monounsaturated fat content from olive oil and low saturated fat, improving the lipid profile.
Question 6: A 24-hour urine nitrogen excretion of 12g/day with a protein intake of 80g/day would indicate that the patient is in what nitrogen balance status?
- Positive nitrogen balance (+3.5g)
- Negative nitrogen balance (-5.5g)
- Neutral nitrogen balance
- Negative nitrogen balance (-3.5g) (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Negative nitrogen balance (-3.5g)
Nitrogen balance = (protein intake ÷ 6.25) − (urinary N + 2-4g losses) = (80 ÷ 6.25) − (12 + 4) = 12.8 − 16 = −3.2g, indicating net protein catabolism.
Question 7: Which hereditary condition causes impaired copper metabolism, leading to copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and cornea?
- Hemochromatosis
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Wilson's disease (Correct answer)
- Menkes disease
Correct answer: Wilson's disease
Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder in which ATP7B gene mutations impair biliary copper excretion, causing toxic accumulation in the liver, brain, and cornea (Kayser-Fleischer rings).
ACBN Practice Questions 4
A client with iron-deficiency anemia should be advised to enhance non-heme iron absorption by consuming iron-rich plant foods alongside which nutrient?