ACBN ACBN Clinical Nutrition & Medical Nutrition Therapy 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for type 2 diabetes, which dietary approach has the strongest evidence for improving glycemic control?
- Carbohydrate reduction and monitoring (Correct answer)
- High-protein diet
- Fat restriction only
- Elimination of all sugars
Correct answer: Carbohydrate reduction and monitoring
Reducing and monitoring total carbohydrate intake is the most evidence-based dietary strategy for improving postprandial glucose and A1C in type 2 diabetes.
Question 2: The DASH diet was originally developed to treat which condition?
- Hypertension (Correct answer)
- Type 2 diabetes
- Obesity
- Chronic kidney disease
Correct answer: Hypertension
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) was specifically designed to lower blood pressure through a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium.
Question 3: Which nutrition screening tool is commonly used in US hospitals to identify patients at nutritional risk upon admission?
- Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) or NRS-2002 (Correct answer)
- Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
- MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool)
- SGA (Subjective Global Assessment)
Correct answer: Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) or NRS-2002
MST and NRS-2002 are widely validated nutrition screening tools used in acute care settings to quickly identify patients needing full nutrition assessment.
Question 4: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis, the protein intake recommendation is generally:
- 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day (restricted) (Correct answer)
- 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day (increased)
- 2.0 g/kg/day (high)
- No restriction needed
Correct answer: 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day (restricted)
Protein restriction to 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day in non-dialysis CKD slows disease progression by reducing uremic waste production and hyperfiltration.
Question 5: Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal complication that can occur when nutrition is reintroduced to severely malnourished patients primarily due to shifts in which electrolyte?
- Phosphorus (Correct answer)
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Phosphorus
Refeeding syndrome is characterized by severe hypophosphatemia as insulin secretion drives phosphorus into cells during carbohydrate reintroduction.
Question 6: The preferred enteral nutrition formula for patients with glucose intolerance or hyperglycemia is:
- Reduced-carbohydrate, higher-fat formula (Correct answer)
- High-carbohydrate, low-fat formula
- Elemental formula
- Immune-modulating formula
Correct answer: Reduced-carbohydrate, higher-fat formula
Formulas with reduced carbohydrate and higher monounsaturated fat content (e.g., Glucerna) blunt postprandial glucose excursions in hyperglycemic patients.
ACBN ACBN Clinical Nutrition & Medical Nutrition Therapy 1
In Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for type 2 diabetes, which dietary approach has the strongest evidence for improving glycemic control?