ABOG ABOG Oncology & Gynecologic Cancers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which HPV genotypes are most commonly associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma?
- HPV 6 and 11
- HPV 16 and 18 (Correct answer)
- HPV 31 and 33 only
- HPV 45 and 52 only
Correct answer: HPV 16 and 18
HPV 16 and 18 account for approximately 70% of cervical squamous cell carcinomas and are classified as high-risk oncogenic types.
Question 2: What is the recommended first-line treatment for early-stage (IA1 without lymphovascular invasion) cervical cancer in a patient desiring fertility preservation?
- Radical hysterectomy
- Conization alone (Correct answer)
- Pelvic radiation
- Chemotherapy alone
Correct answer: Conization alone
Stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion can be treated with conization (cold knife cone) alone when negative margins are achieved and fertility preservation is desired.
Question 3: Which histologic type of endometrial cancer carries the worst prognosis?
- Endometrioid grade 1
- Mucinous adenocarcinoma
- Uterine serous carcinoma (Correct answer)
- Squamous cell carcinoma
Correct answer: Uterine serous carcinoma
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a Type II endometrial cancer with aggressive behavior, frequent extrauterine spread at diagnosis, and significantly worse prognosis compared to endometrioid subtypes.
Question 4: A patient with ovarian cancer has a BRCA1 germline mutation. Which maintenance therapy is most appropriate after platinum-based chemotherapy?
- Bevacizumab alone
- PARP inhibitor (olaparib) (Correct answer)
- Tamoxifen
- Letrozole
Correct answer: PARP inhibitor (olaparib)
PARP inhibitors such as olaparib are FDA-approved maintenance therapy for BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancer patients who respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, exploiting synthetic lethality.
Question 5: Which tumor marker is most useful for monitoring treatment response in epithelial ovarian cancer?
- AFP
- CA-125 (Correct answer)
- CEA
- HCG
Correct answer: CA-125
CA-125 is elevated in approximately 80% of epithelial ovarian cancers and is the primary serum marker used to monitor treatment response and detect recurrence.
Question 6: What is the Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial cancer lifetime risk compared to the general population?
- Slightly elevated (10–15%)
- Moderately elevated (20–30%)
- Substantially elevated (40–60%) (Correct answer)
- No increased risk
Correct answer: Substantially elevated (40–60%)
Women with Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) have a 40–60% lifetime risk of endometrial cancer, making it the most common Lynch-associated gynecologic malignancy.
ABOG ABOG Oncology & Gynecologic Cancers 1
Which HPV genotypes are most commonly associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma?